New publications!
New book:
M. Mercat-Bruns (dir.), Nouveaux modes de détection et de prévention de la discrimination et accès au droit : action de groupe et discrimination systémique ; algorithmes et préjugés ; réseaux sociaux et harcèlement sexuel , actes du colloque Trans Europe Expert, Société de législation comparée, 2020
https://legiscompare.fr/ecommerce/fr/184-nouveaux-modes-de-detection-et-de-prevention-de-la-discrimination-et-acces-au-droit
New article:
M. Mercat-Bruns, Les différentes figures de la discrimination au travail: quelle cohérence? RDT 2020, p.25
Mercat-Bruns M., D. Oppenheimer O., Sartorius C, Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination law, Springer 2018
M. Mercat-Bruns, Systemic discrimination: rethinking the tools of gender equality European Equality Law Review 2018/2, p.1:https://www.equalitylaw.eu/downloads/4759-european-equality-law-review-2-2018-pdf-1-206-kb
Download my book published by University of California Press for free, you can also purchase a paperback version :
Mercat-Bruns, Marie. Discrimination at Work: Comparing European, French, and American Law. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016
Bio (English)
.Marie Mercat-Bruns is Affiliated Professor at Sciences Po Law School and a tenured Associate Law Professor in Private Law and in Labor and Employment Law at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) where she coheads the Gender, Law and Discrimination Program at the Research Institute LISE CNRS. She is also a member of the scientific committee of Presage (Sciences Po/OFCE Research and Academic Program on Gender Thinking). In 2019, she was appointed Expert for France on Gender Equality for the EU Commission.
In 2016, she completed a study on the challenges of implementation of discrimination law in light of the experience of the Netherlands (financed by a grant from the French Ministry of Justice and the Defender of Right, co-headed with J. Perelman, Sciences Po Law School) in association with the University of Paris II Sorbonne and the CEVIPOF, Sciences Po (see Les juridictions et les instances publiques dans la mise en oeuvre de la non-discrimination: perspectives pluridisciplinaires et comparées)
Member of a group of experts appointed by the Minister in charge of Senior Citizens to write a report on the rights and freedom of residents in long term care facilities/home care in preparation of the law on "The adjustment to society to aging (adopted in in 2015). Member of a group of experts in charge of studying intergenerational "care" mechanisms for French policy for the Minister in charge of "The person, Families and Autonomy".
Supervisor of a community based law clinic at Sciences Po Law School, “Access to Justice” which she contributed to create at Sciences Po, working with Defender of Rights and legal services agencies in Paris (since 2009).
Within the framework of this clinic, she is launching a new Street Law program (access to justice for disenfranchised youth and residents in the French suburbs).
She was the General Reporter with David Oppenheimer (Berkeley) for the Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law in Montevideo in November 2016 on the "Enforcement and Effectiveness of Anti-Discrimination Law", comparing more than thirty country reports, forthcoming in 2017 (Springer).
Outside of her coursework at the CNAM, she teaches at Sciences Po: "Diversity and affirmative action", "Concept and Practice of Diversity", "Gender law and queer theory" (undergraduate level in French and English) and "Comparative law on Persons and Personhood" (Masters level in English, Sciences Po School of Law); in addition, she teaches different seminars in English on the Masters level in "Comparative Employment Discrimination law" at the Sciences Po School of Law, the University of Nice and at the University of Paris West Nanterre. She teaches in the LLM program of European law at the University of Paris II and American law in the Master II of Anglo-American Corporate Law of University of Paris I at the Sorbonne.
She received her PhD, with the highest honors and two national awards, from the University of Paris West Nanterre in Labor and Employment law (Vieillissement et droit à la lumière du droit français et du droit américain, LGDJ 2001) and an LLM from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. HDR degree obtained in 2014 to supervise Phd students in law
Generally, her sphere of investigation and publications focuses on the person in civil and labor law and the concept of discrimination. Her analysis covers discrimination on different grounds: sex, race, age, disability, origin, gender, sexual orientation and parental rights. The scope of the concept of discrimination is broadening because of European law and a newly adopted class action suit on discrimination in France in 2016: she wrote the first article in employment law on systemic discrimination (comparing union membership, sex and age and the glass ceiling effect) and the first article on multiple discrimination in employment law and its significance in the French context in light of K. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality. She has written extensively on proof of discrimination in light of the innovative rules of evidence in civil law claims. Context matters in discrimination law so her work is enriched by social science (research on social framework evidence), economics (behavioral economics) and comparative law.
Her studies also show the construction of the person through the prism of equality and antidiscrimination law in the fields of long term care, guardianship, right to die issues and questions of workers' rights on an individual and systemic level. Her pragmatic approach leads to a critique on access to justice.
A recent article, published as of February of 2017, explores the emergence of a new discipline in private law: Anti-discrimination law with the adoption of the new class action suit in France and by analogy with Environmental Law. Despite resistance in France, more familiar with the concept of equality, anti-discrimination law is emerging as a discipline as the findings from this area of study leads to a re-appraisal of certain categories in private law and contributes to the promotion of French law in a global world. (see. Le droit de la non-discrimination, une nouvelle discipline en droit privé ? Recueil Dalloz 2017, p. 224). Her most recent article: "Racisme au travail: les nouveaux modes de détection et les modes de prévention", Droit social April 2017, p. 361 deals with racial harassment.
Other appointments:
Expert on Gender Equality, EU Commission 2019
Lecturer at the College of Europe (2014)
Lecturer at the Academy of European Law (since 2007)
Director of the Center for the Americas (International Department at Sciences Po-2007 to 2009)
International Representative of the Institute of the Americas (2007-2011)
Member of the Conseil National des Universités (CNU, Private law) (2004-2008)
Lecturer at the University of Guyana and the French Caribbean (1999-2007)
Report for EU Commission (DGV) on age discrimination with Eurolink Age (1996)
Survey for Report on Aging in the workforce in France (Lion Report 1998)
Number of publications in journals with independant peer review : 22
Prizes: First Prize from the French Association of Labor and Employment Law (AFDT), PhD Second Prize of Comparative Law (University of Paris II Sorbonne)
In 2016, she completed a study on the challenges of implementation of discrimination law in light of the experience of the Netherlands (financed by a grant from the French Ministry of Justice and the Defender of Right, co-headed with J. Perelman, Sciences Po Law School) in association with the University of Paris II Sorbonne and the CEVIPOF, Sciences Po (see Les juridictions et les instances publiques dans la mise en oeuvre de la non-discrimination: perspectives pluridisciplinaires et comparées)
Member of a group of experts appointed by the Minister in charge of Senior Citizens to write a report on the rights and freedom of residents in long term care facilities/home care in preparation of the law on "The adjustment to society to aging (adopted in in 2015). Member of a group of experts in charge of studying intergenerational "care" mechanisms for French policy for the Minister in charge of "The person, Families and Autonomy".
Supervisor of a community based law clinic at Sciences Po Law School, “Access to Justice” which she contributed to create at Sciences Po, working with Defender of Rights and legal services agencies in Paris (since 2009).
Within the framework of this clinic, she is launching a new Street Law program (access to justice for disenfranchised youth and residents in the French suburbs).
She was the General Reporter with David Oppenheimer (Berkeley) for the Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law in Montevideo in November 2016 on the "Enforcement and Effectiveness of Anti-Discrimination Law", comparing more than thirty country reports, forthcoming in 2017 (Springer).
Outside of her coursework at the CNAM, she teaches at Sciences Po: "Diversity and affirmative action", "Concept and Practice of Diversity", "Gender law and queer theory" (undergraduate level in French and English) and "Comparative law on Persons and Personhood" (Masters level in English, Sciences Po School of Law); in addition, she teaches different seminars in English on the Masters level in "Comparative Employment Discrimination law" at the Sciences Po School of Law, the University of Nice and at the University of Paris West Nanterre. She teaches in the LLM program of European law at the University of Paris II and American law in the Master II of Anglo-American Corporate Law of University of Paris I at the Sorbonne.
She received her PhD, with the highest honors and two national awards, from the University of Paris West Nanterre in Labor and Employment law (Vieillissement et droit à la lumière du droit français et du droit américain, LGDJ 2001) and an LLM from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. HDR degree obtained in 2014 to supervise Phd students in law
Generally, her sphere of investigation and publications focuses on the person in civil and labor law and the concept of discrimination. Her analysis covers discrimination on different grounds: sex, race, age, disability, origin, gender, sexual orientation and parental rights. The scope of the concept of discrimination is broadening because of European law and a newly adopted class action suit on discrimination in France in 2016: she wrote the first article in employment law on systemic discrimination (comparing union membership, sex and age and the glass ceiling effect) and the first article on multiple discrimination in employment law and its significance in the French context in light of K. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality. She has written extensively on proof of discrimination in light of the innovative rules of evidence in civil law claims. Context matters in discrimination law so her work is enriched by social science (research on social framework evidence), economics (behavioral economics) and comparative law.
Her studies also show the construction of the person through the prism of equality and antidiscrimination law in the fields of long term care, guardianship, right to die issues and questions of workers' rights on an individual and systemic level. Her pragmatic approach leads to a critique on access to justice.
A recent article, published as of February of 2017, explores the emergence of a new discipline in private law: Anti-discrimination law with the adoption of the new class action suit in France and by analogy with Environmental Law. Despite resistance in France, more familiar with the concept of equality, anti-discrimination law is emerging as a discipline as the findings from this area of study leads to a re-appraisal of certain categories in private law and contributes to the promotion of French law in a global world. (see. Le droit de la non-discrimination, une nouvelle discipline en droit privé ? Recueil Dalloz 2017, p. 224). Her most recent article: "Racisme au travail: les nouveaux modes de détection et les modes de prévention", Droit social April 2017, p. 361 deals with racial harassment.
Other appointments:
Expert on Gender Equality, EU Commission 2019
Lecturer at the College of Europe (2014)
Lecturer at the Academy of European Law (since 2007)
Director of the Center for the Americas (International Department at Sciences Po-2007 to 2009)
International Representative of the Institute of the Americas (2007-2011)
Member of the Conseil National des Universités (CNU, Private law) (2004-2008)
Lecturer at the University of Guyana and the French Caribbean (1999-2007)
Report for EU Commission (DGV) on age discrimination with Eurolink Age (1996)
Survey for Report on Aging in the workforce in France (Lion Report 1998)
Number of publications in journals with independant peer review : 22
Prizes: First Prize from the French Association of Labor and Employment Law (AFDT), PhD Second Prize of Comparative Law (University of Paris II Sorbonne)
Publications (see CV For complete list)
Books
-Vieillissement et droit à la lumière du droit français et du droit américain, LGDJ 2001 Thèse Univ. Paris Ouest (705p)
-Discriminations en droit du travail: dialogue avec la doctrine américaine, Dalloz, mars 2013 (300 p. Essai)
-Discrimination at Work : Comparing European, French and American Law, UC Press février 2016 (ouvrage Dalloz 2013 traduit, mis à jour, enrichi d’une méthodologie (Essai)
Collective Books
M. Mercat-Bruns (dir.), Nouveaux modes de détection et de prévention de la discrimination et accès au droit : action de groupe et discrimination systémique ; algorithmes et préjugés ; réseaux sociaux et harcèlement sexuel , actes du colloque Trans Europe Expert, Société de législation comparée, 2020
-Mercat-Bruns M., D. Oppenheimer O., Sartorius C, Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination law, Springer 2018
-La personne en questions: capacités et droits fondamentaux, avec A. Caron Deglise, (chap. distincts Dalloz 2017 (Essai)
-La mise en oeuvre et l’effectivité du droit de la non discrimination dans un monde global-Défis et Outils innovateurs (Chapitre 1: Rapport coécrit et Codirection de l’ensemble avec Prof. D. Oppenheimer, Springer (Etude à paraitre 2017)
-Les juridictions et les instances publiques dans la mise en oeuvre de la non discrimination (Dir. avec J. Perelman et Chapitre sur les discriminations au travail (écrit seule), sur les Pays-Bas (coécrit), 214 p juin 2016 (Etude sur site GIP Justice)
-Etude comparative de la jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour de cassation, pour Halde (avec Lucie Cluzel), Chapitres sur la jurisprudence sociale (écrits seule) Doc. française, 2011 (Etude)
-Droit social international et européen en pratique. Miné, M. Mercat-Bruns, et al., (Institutions internationales (chap. I) ; Institutions européennes (chap. II) Lextenso 2013, p. 15-, p. 46 (Manuel)
-Personne et discrimination:perspectives historiques et comparées (Dir.) ,Introduction (p. 1-10 écrite seule), Droits sur les produits du corps de la femme et discrimination (p 141-171 seule), Détermination de l’incapacité et discrimination (p. 89-136 avec V. Doumeng) Dalloz Thèmes et com., 2006 (Recherche ACI Blanche et Actes de colloque)
Chapters
Tackling Indirect Discrimination in Employment in France : a Relative Success ? in B.B. Havelková et M. Möschel (dir), Anti-Discrimination Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions, Oxford University Press, 2020
The Coherence of EU Antidiscrimination Law : a Look at its Systemic Approach in light of Relational Grounds of Discrimination and Collective Norms in Employment », in The European Union as a Protector and Promoter of Equality , Springer,2020
-Comparaison entre le droit allemand et le droit américain en matière de discriminations (avec P Remy), Mél .A Lyon-Caen 2017
-La discrimination multiple au prisme de la discrimination indirecte, Genre et discriminations (Dir Eberhard, Laufer, Meurs, Pigeyre, Simon) Ed. iX 2017, p. 225-242
-Vieillissement, capacité et politique d’anticipation aux Etats-Unis : quelques exemples, in Une nouvelle politique sociale du vieillissement : histoire et prospective d’un défi Actes Colloque (Dir.D.Viriot-Barrial, Pref. A. Bugada) PUAM 2016, p.261-277
-Bioéthique, Vieillissement in Blanquer, Coppolani, Vagnoux Dictionnaire des Amériques II, R Laffont 2016, p.105-106,p.906-911
-Que doivent les autres types d’exigence d’égalité à l’égalité femme-homme ? L’exemple de l’âge, Actes du Colloque Egalité et droit social, (2013), Ecole de droit La Sorbonne mars 2014, IRJS, p.195-211
-Direction N°, Vieillissement, Age et capacité: réflexions sur une notion et bilan d’une réforme, Ret. Et Soc 2014,Avant-Propos p 6-15
-Harcèlement sexuel au travail, in S. Hennette-Vauchez, D. Roman, M. Pichard, La loi et le genre CNRS 2014, p.201-218 (ouvrage)
-Les seuils d’âge juridique au travail, in Dictionnaire des inégalités, Armand Colin 2014, p. 372-374
-Etude sur l’âge in D. Oppenheimer et al., Casebook on Comparative Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law, Foundation 2012, p. 198
-La discrimination, in Dictionnaire du travail PUF 2011, p. 184-190
-Egalité salariale,discriminations individuelles et systémiques: l’éclairage de la jurisprudence américaine in Discriminations entre hommes et femmes (F. Milewski, H. Perivier) 2011, p.117-138
-La diversité dans tous ses états : un apport de la doctrine américaine, in Diversité et discriminations raciales, Une perspective transatlantique, Thème et commentaires (dir. F. Guiomard, S. Robin-Olivier), 2009 Dalloz, p. 63-72
-Entre vie privée et vie professionnelle:la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation, in Politiques de l’intime, Découverte 2009) p.105-126
-Sur quels indicateurs d’égalité salariale les juges se fondent-ils ? (avec F. Berton) , Approches institutionnalistes des inégalités en économie sociale (Batifoulier Dir.), Paris, L’harmattan, 2007 p. 169-182.
The Coherence of EU Antidiscrimination Law : a Look at its Systemic Approach in light of Relational Grounds of Discrimination and Collective Norms in Employment », in The European Union as a Protector and Promoter of Equality , Springer,2020
-Comparaison entre le droit allemand et le droit américain en matière de discriminations (avec P Remy), Mél .A Lyon-Caen 2017
-La discrimination multiple au prisme de la discrimination indirecte, Genre et discriminations (Dir Eberhard, Laufer, Meurs, Pigeyre, Simon) Ed. iX 2017, p. 225-242
-Vieillissement, capacité et politique d’anticipation aux Etats-Unis : quelques exemples, in Une nouvelle politique sociale du vieillissement : histoire et prospective d’un défi Actes Colloque (Dir.D.Viriot-Barrial, Pref. A. Bugada) PUAM 2016, p.261-277
-Bioéthique, Vieillissement in Blanquer, Coppolani, Vagnoux Dictionnaire des Amériques II, R Laffont 2016, p.105-106,p.906-911
-Que doivent les autres types d’exigence d’égalité à l’égalité femme-homme ? L’exemple de l’âge, Actes du Colloque Egalité et droit social, (2013), Ecole de droit La Sorbonne mars 2014, IRJS, p.195-211
-Direction N°, Vieillissement, Age et capacité: réflexions sur une notion et bilan d’une réforme, Ret. Et Soc 2014,Avant-Propos p 6-15
-Harcèlement sexuel au travail, in S. Hennette-Vauchez, D. Roman, M. Pichard, La loi et le genre CNRS 2014, p.201-218 (ouvrage)
-Les seuils d’âge juridique au travail, in Dictionnaire des inégalités, Armand Colin 2014, p. 372-374
-Etude sur l’âge in D. Oppenheimer et al., Casebook on Comparative Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law, Foundation 2012, p. 198
-La discrimination, in Dictionnaire du travail PUF 2011, p. 184-190
-Egalité salariale,discriminations individuelles et systémiques: l’éclairage de la jurisprudence américaine in Discriminations entre hommes et femmes (F. Milewski, H. Perivier) 2011, p.117-138
-La diversité dans tous ses états : un apport de la doctrine américaine, in Diversité et discriminations raciales, Une perspective transatlantique, Thème et commentaires (dir. F. Guiomard, S. Robin-Olivier), 2009 Dalloz, p. 63-72
-Entre vie privée et vie professionnelle:la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation, in Politiques de l’intime, Découverte 2009) p.105-126
-Sur quels indicateurs d’égalité salariale les juges se fondent-ils ? (avec F. Berton) , Approches institutionnalistes des inégalités en économie sociale (Batifoulier Dir.), Paris, L’harmattan, 2007 p. 169-182.
Articles AND CASE COMMENTARIES
Articles:
M. Mercat-Bruns, Les différentes figures de la discrimination au travail: quelle cohérence? RDT 2020, p.25
M. Mercat-Bruns, « La discrimination systémique : peut-on repenser les outils de la non-discrimination en Europe ? », REDH 2018/14, https://journals.openedition.org/revdh/3972.
M. Mercat-Bruns, Systemic discrimination: rethinking the tools of gender equality European Equality Law Review 2018/2, p.1:https://www.equalitylaw.eu/downloads/4759-european-equality-law-review-2-2018-pdf-1-206-kb
Le racisme au travail: nouveaux modes de détection et de prévention, Revue Droit social Avril 2017, p. 361
-Discrimination multiple et intersectionnalité, n° spéc., RISS (à paraitre 2017)
-Le droit de la non discrimination : une nouvelle discipline en droit privé ? Recueil Dalloz, 2017, p. 224
-La faible visibilité juridique de la discrimination fondée sur le jeune âge, (avec Pallarès), Le droit des jeunes Agora 2016, 63-75
-Appartenance syndicale, sexe, âge et inégalités: vers une reconnaissance de la discrimination systémique, Boussard-Verrecchia RDT 2015, p. 660-671
-L’identification de la discrimination systémique, RDT 2015, p. 672-681
-Discriminations multiples et identité au travail au croisement des questions d’égalité et liberté, RDT 2015, p.28-38
-Age and differential treatment in France : Contrasting EU and national court’s approaches to the inner limits of anti-discrimination law, International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 12 Nov. 2014, Sage accès numérisé p.62-79
-Discriminations fondées sur la nationalité : perspectives franco-américaines (avec Louis Imbert), Plein Droit, 2014,p 28-31
-La personne au prisme des discriminations indirectes, Recueil Dalloz n° 37, 2013, p. 2475-2483
-Le jeu des discriminations multiples (CJUE Odar Aff. C-152/11) RDT 2013, p. 254
-Discrimination fondée sur le sexe aux Etats-Unis: une notion juridique sous tensions, TGS n°28/2012, p. 63-87
-La doctrine américaine sur les discriminations et le genre: dialogue entre critique du droit et pratique, Jurisp Crit. 2011, 97-107
-Sciences sociales et discrimination dans l’emploi: leçons de l’expérience américaine, Rev Aff. Europ. 2010,p.185-202
-L’enseignement du droit aux Etats-Unis, Revue Jurisprudence Critique n°2, p. 2010, p. 113-120
-Discrimination fondée sur l’âge : exemple d’une nouvelle génération de critères discriminatoires, RDT n°6, 2007, p.360
-Age et critères d’incapacité, aspects comparatifs, Rev. médicale SEVE n°7, été 2005
-Age et dépendance : un regard comparé, Droit social 2003, p. 1084-1093
-Worker Representation at the enterprise level in France, Comp. Labor Law & Policy Journal n°15 1993, p. 15
Cases or legislative commentaries :
-Le principe de non-discrimination fondée sur l'âge n'est pas une liberté fondamentale, RDT 2018. 132
-La Cour Suprême américaine face au code vestimentaire de l’entreprise, RDT 2016, p.117
-Lutte contre les discriminations : nouveau critère tiré de la perte d'autonomie ? Recueil Dalloz 2015 p.1957
-Inaptitude physique non professionnelle, discrimination directe dans une convention collective, RDT 2015, p 119-121
- Discrimination multiple : le défi de la preuve,Droit et Genre janv. 2013- janv. 2014, Recueil Dalloz, p. 963-964
-Enquête interne, atteinte à la vie privée et obligation de sécurité, sept. 2014, p.554-556
-Le contrôle judiciaire effectif des discriminations indirectes, RDT janvier 2014, p.45-47
-Pourquoi certains métiers féminisés ne rentrent pas dans le "cadre"?, JCP Ed. G 27 août 2012 n°35, p. 1508-1511
-L'apparence physique du salarié rapportée à son sexe, JCP Ed G 5 mars 2012, p.281-287
-La CJUE et les présomptions sur l'âge, RJS 12/11, p.817-819
-Age et discrimination indirecte: une jurisprudence en gestation, RDT juillet/août 2011, p. 441-444
-La portée de l’interdiction de licenciement pendant le congé maternité, RDT janv. 2011, p. 31-35
-Retour sur la discrimination fondée sur l’âge, RDT octobre 2010, p. 587-594
-Contours de la discrimination professionnelle en raison de l’état de santé, Rev. Notes hospitalières 2010 n° 11
-Un point sur l’actualité de la discrimination fondée sur l’âge après l’arrêt Bartsch, RDT Janvier 2009, p. 62-67
-La maladie du salarié, source de discrimination indirecte, Gaz.Palais, Droit de la santé 7 juin 2007, 2, p. 58
-Un salarié ne peut se voir imposer de travailler à domicile, Recueil Dalloz, Som. Com. 2002, p. 768
-Les règles de procédure en droit disciplinaire, Recueil Dalloz 2001, Som. Com., p. 82
